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This work discusses the effectiveness of the sets of policies employed by the government over a fifty-year period spanning 1958 to 2008 in the effort to foster the growth and development of the economy. It concludes that Trinidad and Tobago has underperformed in respect of its growth and development. Compared with other countries more or less similarly placed around 1960, Trinidad and Tobago has not achieved in key areas of health-care delivery, education access, and income and wealth, notwithstanding its substantial resources of oil and gas.

Historically, Trinidad and Tobagos economy cycles from boom to bust depending on what happens to the price of oil. The carefree, undisciplined lifestyle of most of the population is occasionally perturbed by a paroxysm of social unrest. Downturns are accompanied by ritual incantations by government officials of the need for diversification to reduce the countrys dependence on oil and the energy-based industries, the formation of new committees, task forces and boards, and considerable hand-wringing and angst about the sustainability of government fiscal operations. Seemingly bold new initiatives and projects are announced, and all the while people wait and secretly hope for a quick turnaround in the price of oil, ammonia, methanol and natural gas so that rents will again begin to accrue, government spending programmes can restart and the fête can resume. Trinidad and Tobago will not achieve its potential for development unless and until this cycle is broken.

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Students and teachers of education in the Caribbean have long relied on ethnographic research from North America to enrich their understanding of life in schools and classrooms. Based on actual experiences from the perspectives of both students and teachers, this collection of ethnographic research articles provides the first up-close view of Jamaican schools and classrooms. Hyacinth Evans and her research team used careful, well-executed interviews and participant observation methods. The result is an insightful view of the ways society's tensions are played out in educational settings, the ways personalities are shaped and identities formed in face-to-face interactions, and the ways circumstances and experiences in the Jamaican setting affect teaching and learning. The articles examine - Student-teacher interaction - Teacher authority - how it is maintained, nurtured, or eroded - The social construction of student interest and attention versus disruptiveness and apathy - Consequences of streaming children in perceived ability groups - Standard Jamaican English (SJE) methods and their effectiveness in teaching Creole-speaking students - Teaching and learning in schools where materials and resources are limited - Career decisions for teachers This book is an essential addition to the body of education texts used throughout the Caribbean, geared for undergraduate and postgraduate students, classroom teachers, and anyone interested in schools and education.

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Characterized by fast-paced, highly danceable rhythms, chutney is a fusion of traditional and contemporary Indian and Caribbean influences. In this volume Tina K. Ramnarine explores the evolution of chutney and introduces the emerging Indian-Caribbean genre into the area of scholarly discourse. Through analysis of the music, Ramnarine provides insights into social processes, effects of the diasporic settlements and ways the music operates as a symbol of Indian-Caribbean identity. This introduction of new cultural elements is a common occurrence among people transplanted to an unfamiliar geographical and cultural environment.

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This book is a study of how African slave and freed women used their fashion and style of dressing as a symbol of resistance to slavery and accommodation to white culture in pre and post-emancipation society. Africans brought aspects of their culture such as folklore, music, language, religion and dress with them to the Americas. The African cultural features were retained and nurtured in Jamaica because they guaranteed the survival of Africans and their descendants against European attempts at cultural annihilation. This book illuminates the complexities of accommodation and resistance, showing that these complex responses are not polar opposites, but melded into each other. In addition, the Language of Dress reveals the dynamics of race, class and gender in Jamaican society, the role of women in British West Indian history and contributes to ongoing interest in the history of women and in the history of resistance.

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UWI Cave Hill: 40 Years - A Celebration is the exciting success story of the youngest campus of the University of the West Indies. From the humblest of beginnings in the abandoned hall of a Caribbean trade fair, on a patch of virgin, reclaimed land at the then new Deep Water Harbour site at Bridgetown, Barbados, it moved to a dramatic escarpment at The Mount, just two miles north of the city - a site chosen from the air by the prime minister the late Errol Barrow himself, flying his own small plane! Today, this once spacious site is full and expanding still, ""overflowing"" as it were, down the hill. This book captures much of the story. The photographic essay of aerial shots by Wille Alleyne, doyen of photographers in Barbados, provides rich and revealing panoramas of the growth of the campus, with the recently upgraded and dedicated 3Ws Oval as its centrepiece. The early chapters contain outstanding archival photos of place and people who transformed the vision into academic success. We see the founding fathers and the first students, and the young faculty such as Richard Allsopp, Sir Keith Hunte and Woodville Marshall. They led the way and can now enjoy the satisfaction of a job well done. Perhaps the richest pages are those of people and events. Cave Hill has been a ferment of ideas, of education, writing, research and publishing; of political protest and intellectual discourse; and of student energies - in drama, dance, debate, dominoes and sports of all kinds. All are beautifully captured here. And the final chapter, with new plans, new projects and new buildings, points the way to even more major developments. The text includes summaries of the history of faculties, schools, centres and other units on the campus, with a brief running text and picture captions that illuminate the mission and the magic of the Cave Hill story. The editors dedicate this book of celebration to ""all students, staff and alumni of the UWI, Cave Hill - past, present and future - and to all those communities we serve"". And they urge everyone to ""give this work of the heart to all your friends, to spread the mission of UWI, Cave Hill, and to encourage loyalty and generosity in building our campus and our communities"".

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The social history of Belize is marked by conflict; between British settlers and the Maya; between masters and slaves; between capitalists and workers; and between the colonial administration and the Belizean people. Belize shares many features with other parts of the Caribbean Central America, including a long history of colonialism and slavery, a dependent economy in which the ownership of land is highly concentrated, and the population which is largely poor. In this collection of essays, Boland analyzes the most import topics during three centuries of colonialism. Part One examines the early British settlement, the nature of slavery in Belize, and the development of Creole culture in the nineteenth century. Part Two analyzes the relations of between the Maya and the British in the nineteenth century. Part Three considers systems of labour control after Emancipation and discusses the origins of modern politics in the labour movement of the 1930s and 1940s. Part Four considers the complex issues of ethnicity and politics in the contemporary arena.