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A practical guide to basic urological examination, procedures and operations for medical students, interns, surgical and urological residents. Written in a format that allows junior doctors who may be assisting to understand procedures. Although no set of instructions should be standard or routine in surgery, pre- and post-operation guides are provided to be used by the intern or resident as frameworks for management of individual patients. There is also a guide to possible complications and their management. Includes a section on the management of urological emergencies that may first be seen by the junior doctor. Clear line drawings and photographs are used to illustrate important techniques.

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The previous three volumes in the series on Caribbean geography explored how geographical and cognate research was being applied to address key environmental problems in the Caribbean. The present volume makes a further significant contribution to the literature. It highlights how current research is addressing rapid change in the Caribbean region, both that being forced by global warming and by population growth. The chapters are presented as a series of original, empirical research contributions, which have the common theme of the search for development strategies that focus on the social and economic needs of the people without further deterioration of the region's fragile environmental resource base. The articles have been selected to emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary focus in this applied research field. Among the subject areas covered are climate change, sustainable food production systems, urban planning and community development, and coastal management. The authors conclude the volume by developing the critical research agenda on these and other issues.

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African slavery in the Americas has left indelible marks on the geographical, political, economic, social and cultural landscapes of the Americas. An important part of that indelibility is marronage that involved both flight from slavery and the establishment of free communities. This book is about the struggles of enslaved Africans in the Americas who achieved freedom through flight and the establishment of Maroon communities in the face of overwhelming military odds on the part of the slaveholders. Incontestably, Maroon communities constituted the first independent polities from European colonial rule in the hemisphere, even if the colonial states did not accord them legal recognition. They had their own independent political, economic and social structures, and occupied definitive land spaces that they often contested with the colonial state and won. This study demonstrates how they utilized the natural landscape and modified it to guard their freedom, and also indicates the dangers that complacency, authoritarianism and militarism posed to that freedom. Thompson reassesses several interpretations that have informed the discourse on marronage. While useful monographs exist on the subject, no study to date has attempted to provide the pan-American scope that is critical to understanding the role of marronage in the struggle of the hemisphere's enslaved population for freedom and dignity. Historians, political scientists, sociologists, ethnographers, linguists, archaeologists and other scholars specializing on the Americas or in comparative studies will find this work useful. The text is written in a way that makes it interesting and useful to students at the secondary and tertiary levels, and to the public at large. An earlier version of this manuscript received the Prizes of Caribbean Thought 2003-2004, Political Thought Category, Government of Quintano Roo, Mexico.

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This work is a collection of selected papers presented at the conference Trajectories of Freedom: Caribbean Societies, 18072007, a theme inspired by the two-hundredth anniversary of the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade in the British Empire. The papers interrogate and problematise shifting notions and expressions of freedom as they have evolved in Caribbean societies over the past two hundred years and as they have been applied in the context of the contemporary Caribbean.

Together, these essays illustrate the historical and continuing efforts in the various spheres of human endeavour in the Caribbean, including culture, education, language, social organisation, gender and politics  notwithstanding the constraints placed on Caribbean people by the legacies of slavery and colonialism  to finish the business of emancipation.

Contributors: Agnel Barron, April Bernard, Bridget Brereton, Alan Cobley, Sandra Gift, Ena Harris, Oba Kenyatta Omowale Kiteme, Hilde Neus van der Putten, Edith Pérez Sisto, Agostinho M.N. Pinnock, Kelvin Quintyne, Kirwin R. Shaffer, Hazel Simmons-McDonald, Victor C. Simpson, Jerome Teelucksingh.